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- <text id=91TT0569>
- <title>
- Mar. 18, 1991: Dogfight Over The Pentagon
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 18, 1991 A Moment To Savor
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TECHNOLOGY, Page 84
- Dogfight over the Pentagon
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Lockheed and Northrop compete to build the Air Force's next
- superjet--and capture one of the richest prizes in aviation
- </p>
- <p>By Philip Elmer-DeWitt--Reported by Jay Peterzell/Washington
- and Edwin M. Reingold/Los Angeles
- </p>
- <p> Think you have watched the cutting edge of aerospace
- technology at work in the gulf? Well, you haven't seen anything
- yet, say test pilots participating in the U.S. Air Force's
- Advanced Tactical Fighter program. Stowed in a secure hangar
- at California's Edwards Air Force Base are hand-built
- prototypes of what these pilots claim are the two hottest
- fighter planes ever made. The flyers should know. For three
- months, in separate flight tests, they have been putting the
- experimental aircraft, designated YF-22 and YF-23, through their
- paces: landing in crosswinds, performing stomach-churning 360
- degrees rolls and blasting through the atmosphere at twice the
- speed of sound.
- </p>
- <p> But the real high-stakes dogfight is largely being waged on
- paper. A manufacturing team led by Lockheed, maker of the
- YF-22, and another headed by Northrop, maker of the YF-23, have
- each submitted 15,000 pages of data to the Air Force in an
- effort to convince officials that each company's model is the
- best candidate to replace the F-15 Eagle, the 15-year-old
- long-range fighter that has been flying critical missions over
- Kuwait and Iraq. The Air Force is scheduled to choose between
- the two models on April 30. The winning team could take home an
- order for 750 planes priced at $35 million apiece. (A Navy
- version designed for carrier operations could yield orders for
- an additional 550 aircraft.) "It's a hell of a competition,"
- says a congressional staff member. "It should be, considering
- the cost."
- </p>
- <p> The planes, which cost over a billion dollars to develop,
- easily exceed the Air Force's stringent performance
- requirements. Both can cruise at supersonic speeds without
- having to resort to fuel-gulping afterburners, and they have
- twice the range of the F-15. The aircraft use advanced
- computerized controls and simplified screens to lighten the
- pilot's work load. Both candidates incorporate the latest
- radar-evading "stealthy" features. They pack as much as 20
- times the data-processing power of an F-15 for spotting hostile
- aircraft before being seen themselves.
- </p>
- <p> The planes have different strong points. Northrop's YF-23,
- with its sharp, surprising lines, may be stealthier. Its
- engines are slung under its wings, but their exhaust is sprayed
- into troughs on the wings' upper surfaces to shield from
- heat-seeking missiles, a technique borrowed from Northrop's B-2
- Stealth bomber. The material surrounding the exhaust outlets
- in the YF-23 can withstand a temperature of 540 degrees C (1000
- degrees F), while the undersurface only a few inches away never
- gets hotter than 140 degrees C (280 degrees F), making the
- plane hard to detect by enemy infrared sensors. The slightly
- smaller Lockheed YF-22 may be more maneuverable, thanks, in
- part, to nozzles that direct the thrust of the engines' exhaust
- this way and that. "Thrust vectoring," as this is called, helps
- push the plane through sharp turns at very high and very low
- speeds and lets it fly with its nose up at a sharp angle,
- enabling the pilot to direct weapons from almost any position.
- </p>
- <p> Air Force officials say it is too early to tell which
- aircraft has the edge. They are still running computer models
- comparing each plane's performance against hypothetical
- aircraft that the Soviets might build. One wild card: a
- requirement tacked onto last year's authorization bill
- instructing the Air Force to determine whether it needs the
- Advanced Tactical Fighter at all or can instead make do with
- upgrades of its existing fleet of F-15s and F-16s. That report
- is expected in late April, about the same time the Air Force
- is scheduled to choose the plane it thinks will rule the skies
- into the next century.
- </p>
- <p>DOGFIGHT OVER THE PENTAGON
- </p>
- <p> LOCKHEED YF22
- </p>
- <list>
- <item>Maximum speed: Mach 2.0 to 2.2
- <item>Cruising speed: Mach 1.58
- <item>Wingspan: 13 m
- <item>Height: 5.5 m
- <item>Length: 19 m
- <item>Thrust: 15,900 kg
- </list>
- <p> The Lockheed fighter may be slightly more maneuverable,
- thanks to "thrust vectoring," which helps it turn at very low
- and very high speeds.
- </p>
- <p> NORTHROP YF23
- </p>
- <list>
- <item>Maximum speed: Mach 2.0 to 2.2
- <item>Cruising speed: Mach 1.61
- <item>Wingspan: 13.2 m
- <item>Height: 4.3 m
- <item>Length: 20.5 m
- <item>Thrust: 15,900 kg
- </list>
- <p> The Northrop model has some of the same features that help
- the company's B-2 Stealth bomber evade radar detection and
- heat-seeking missiles.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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